Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 1099 Words

In the book Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury strongly criticizes government control and the loss of freedom in a totalitarian government. Every citizen is a thoughtless drone in the community with no sense of creativity or individuality. Bradbury expresses total domination through different types of censorship; the act of burning books, the role of firemen, and outcasts such as Clarisse. As a result, a dystopian society is formed and the citizens have no independence of their lives. The first reason Bradbury criticizes government control and the loss of freedom is the cruelest type of censorship, an orderly destruction of burning books. In society, citizens were not allowed to possess any books. In the first amendment, it states that all citizens have the freedom of speech. However, in the society Bradbury creates, the citizens were imbecile, they could not think for themselves thus, had no freedom of speech. Since books gave humans the knowledge to think and read, without the books, they were useless. However, the government did not force the citizens to stop reading, books gradually died out because people took no interest in them. The government then enforced a law to official ban all books. â€Å"It’s not the books you need, it’s some of the things that once were books† (Bradbury 84). Faber is telling Montag that books have no importance at all, it’s all the words and knowledge inside the books that is really meaningful. Furtherm ore, Bradbury shows how the men at the end of theShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words   |  8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are t he way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-oldRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury847 Words   |  4 PagesSet Knowledge On Fire The book Fahrenheit 451 is a postmodern work by Ray Bradbury first published in 1951. In Bradbury’s story, all books are illegal and are subject to be burned by firemen. Furthermore, the two predominant themes of Fahrenheit 451 are censorship and ignorance. The censorship implemented over the years removes all information from society that is necessary to learn, which accomplishes to prevent people from questioning anything. The ignorance of society has been fostered and theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words   |  7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag’s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, expresses his perspective on life in an interview. His interview contains a common theme: Do what you love, and love what you do (Bradbury). Bradbury sends a message in his interview that people should love life, and live to the fullest because he believes life is a beautiful thing. Although Bradbury no longer can demonstrate his love for life his message still lives in the pages of Fahrenheit 451. The Government of the society in the novel has told their

The Great Gatsby, the Perverse American Dream Essay

The American Dream is an ideology that through hard, honest work and determination, you can achieve success in The United States of America. In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald alludes to the concept of The American Dream in a time just after World War 1 and he achieves this through many characters and the environment in which they live and interact in. The main character of the novel has often been characterized as a clear representation of The American Dream, which is a false statement for many concrete rationales. The fact that Gatsby accumulated his wealth from the bootlegging of alcohol at a time period where it was considered illegal; the true and main reason for Gatsbys love of money was because it represents Diasy†¦show more content†¦His main motive for becoming wealthy steams from one thing, which is to be with Daisy again like before the war. ‘You cant repeat the past. ‘Cant repeat the past?Â… ‘Why of Course you can!(Fitzgerald, 106) Gatsbys thinking process is distorted by his love for Daisy; he truly believes that the past can be recreated exactly how it was before. The true fact is that now there are too many implications in Daisys life. Daisy has a husband and a child to whom she is bond to no matter how they can both justify it. Jay Gatsbys wealth is simply a desperation attempt to woo Daisys past love to an inevitable negative end. Her voice is full of moneyÂ… That was it. Id never understood before. It was full of money Ââ€" that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals song of itÂ… High in a white palace the kings daughter, the golden girl. (Fitzgerald, 115) Nick and Gatsby both come to the realization that Daisys voice is full of money, which is a metaphor for the shallow and worthlessness that she possesses. The atmosphere around her though is of money and that one thing puts men in an aura of desire. Near the end of the book after Gatsby has been murdered, The American Dream reveals its true self and Daisy and Tom Buchanan live as if nothing ever happened. Their indulgence of their wealth keeps them hollow and careless. They were careless people, tom and daisy Ââ€" they smashed up things andShow MoreRelatedThe Emptiness of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesGatsby’s sole purpose in life is to achieve the American Dream: to become a land owner, married to the love of his life, who live in comfort and abundance. However, he never gets everything he wants as his love for Daisy is not as fully reciprocated as he wishes it to be. His dream, and the one Nick pursues as well, are only dreams in the end. The culture of the time only gives empty fulfillment with no real substance. The people, like their dreams, are only illusions of what they want to be. Gatsby’sRead More Contradictions in the Great Gatsby Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesContradictions in the Great Gatsby They were known as the roaring twenty’s because the economy at the time was through the roof and people were partying all over the place. At the time there was a prohibition on the manufacturing and sales of intoxicating drinks. Since a lot of people did not feel like drinking gin they made in their bathtubs all the time, there was a huge market for organized crime. Organized criminals catered to the needs of the drinking public by illegally supplying themRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2069 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican dream is deeply rooted in people’s minds and gives them hopes and motivations to work hard and insist on following their dreams. For Americans, they expect to get good occupations, to make money and to make up families with their efforts in a legal way. Once carrying out their goals and behaving morally and legally, Americans believe that they will achieve their ideals and successfully obtain what they pursue for a long time. That is, the destiny of everyone can be controlled and turnedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2336 Words   |  10 Pagesversion of Great Gatsby that captures the zeitgeist of modernism? F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby encompasses the flamboyant and morally corrupt society of 1920’s America, whereas in contrast, C Palahniuk’s Fight Club addresses the sinister and nihilistic attitudes 70 years later. It is incomprehensible that these two novels would share anything in common; however it is undeniable that Fight Club represents the continuation of the consumer culture and materialistic narcissism that The Great GatsbyRead MoreGender Roles : The Great Gatsby, The Mystery Of Heroism, And The Scarlet Letter1862 Words   |  8 Pagesoften conflicts with the hopes and dreams of the characters and makes it harder for them to achieve success. The flawed societal gender constructions found in American literature are adversarial to characters in their search for fulfillment. The concept of gender roles obstructing success is ubiquitous in the many works, including The Great Gatsby, The Mystery of Heroism, The Scarlet Letter, A Raisin In The Sun, and The Death of A Salesman. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, gender hasRead MoreShort Summary of the Great Gatsby11203 Words   |  45 PagesFitzgeralds own words, straight 1850 potato-famine Irish. As a result of this contrast, he was exceedingly ambivalent about the notion of the American dream: for him, it was at once vulgar and dazzlingly promising. It need scarcely be noted that such fascinated ambivalence is itself typically American. Like the central character of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald had an intensely romantic imagination; he once called it a heightened sensitivity to the promises of life. The events of FitzgeraldsRead MoreWomen s Voices Of Mainstream Literature Essay2026 Words   |  9 Pagesand her husband. When she finds the appropriate time to write, â€Å"as a public elegist, Anne Bradstreet is more self consciously aware of her poetry.† (Requa 5). Nearly 100 years after Bradstreet in the mid 18th century, there was Mary Jemison -- an American frontierswoman who was adopted in her teens by the Seneca. When she was in her teens, she was captured in what is now Pennsylvania, from her home along Marsh Creek. She became fully assimilated into her captors culture and later chose to remain

George Orwell And The English Language Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Orwell and the English linguistic communication George Orwell, the writer of? Politicss and the English linguistic communication? believes in the traditional manner of the English linguistic communication and that there is a definite correlativity between linguistic communication and action. Orwell extremely believes that proper English can be cured by neer utilizing slang and neer utilizing a long word where a short 1 will make. It is the citizen? s moral duty to utilize the English linguistic communication with lucidity. Most of import, people must gain the English linguistic communication and learn to utilize it the right manner. Orwell would be upset if he saw a modern twenty-four hours newspaper ; every article has a defect. In an article from the Tri Valley Herald titled? Pint-size initiates papers runs, ? Dole uses a metaphor and slang that would exasperate Orwell. Dole compared Forbes to a? new eating house that packs clients in at first but loses them one time folks realize the nutrient International Relations and Securit y Network? Ts so good. ? Language such as this creates unneeded ambiguity and causes unclarity to the reader. Bring arounding the English linguistic communication of its? slang and ambiguity is an utmost belief of Orwell. Large words are simple statements dressed up to pull the reader? s attending. Many big words are used to ennoble certain categories of words such as political relations, scientific discipline, and civilization oriented people. These words may sound elegant and sophisticated when in world they are confounding and useless to society. Use of such meaningless words are used to besides lead on the populace and cover up existent purposes. When a politician speaks we hear that he is speaking but do non truly understand. If he used words the common society understood, he would besides understand himself excessively. Most politicians speak in this linguistic communication because it is portion of political conformance. Many slang words have disappeared over the old ages due to the common people taking non to utilize them. It is a witting action to make this. One must ever be cognizant of the words they use and that they use them with lucidity. Languages such as Gallic and the scientific linguistic communication, need to be discarded from the English linguistic communication. Latin and Greek must besides be used at a lower limit. A citizen? s moral duty should be of linguistic communication lucidity. Orwell stated it best when stating? A mass of Latin words fall upon the facts like soft snow, film overing the lineations and covering up all the inside informations. The great enemy of clear linguistic communication is falseness? ( paragraph 15 ) . To talk clearly one must talk from their bosom and be sincere with every word. Merely by making this will everyone to the full understand. Latin words may sound appealing but merely barricade the true significance of the phrase or words behind it. One who could acquire rid of bad wonts and sp eak from the bosom, will so believe and understand with lucidity. As will those who are reading or listening. Orwell one time said, ? to believe clearly is a necessary measure toward political regeneration? ( paragraph 2 ) . A individual non interested in what they are stating will utilize big appealing words without cognizing their true significance or may even utilize incompatible metaphors and slang. All people must gain the English linguistic communication and learn to utilize it the right manner. Political linguistic communication is the worst of them all. Political linguistic communication consists of so many mistakes such as euphemism, ambiguity, and vagueness. Even people who should and make cognize better of the English linguistic communication can subject themselves to bad use. It is said that thought destroys linguistic communication but linguistic communication may besides destruct idea. Bad use of the English linguistic communication can distribute by imitation and sometimes tradition. English can get down to mend by flinging every word or parlance which is no longer utile in any manner. Peoples must so utilize the fewest and shortest words that will cover the significance being discussed. Orwell believes the worst thing one could make with words is to give up to them. Peoples besides need regulations to trust on when replete fails. Orwell has constructed six simple regulations that will assist cover most instances. This is non an exact quotation mark of Orwell regulations. However, they fundamentally consist of ( 1 ) neer use a common metaphor, simile, or other figure of address. ( 2 ) Do non utilize a long word when a short one will work. ( 3 ) Always get rid of extra words. ( 4 ) Never use the passive when you can utilize the active. ( 5 ) Never use a foreign or scientific word when there is an English equivalent. And eventually, ( 6 ) Break any of these regulations before you do something outright stupid. Orwell has taught the English linguistic communication t o so many but there are still so many to learn. Language is a tool for showing thought non hiding or forestalling it. When a individual eventually earns the English linguistic communication and uses it with lucidity will they so make a stupid comment. The stupidity will be obvious, even to themselves. Merely so have they learned to esteem and utilize the English linguistic communication decently. Fliping all gratuitous English words and phrases where it belongs- in the rubbish. To Orwell, the bad use of English is necessarily curable. There are many stairss to finishing this and they can be done. Peoples can non alter this state? s job with the English linguistic communication in a short period of clip, but one can alter their ain usage of the linguistic communication. By making this, finally the state will be cured of unclarity and ambiguity. English is simple and quicker one time one has earned the English linguistic communication. One will so do sense of every word with lucidity and apprehension.

Theodor Herzl And Zionism Essays - Zionism, Jewish Agency For Israel

Theodor Herzl And Zionism One of the most important influences in the movement that led to the creation of the state of Israel was Jewish writer and journalist Theodor Herzl. He was born on May 2, 1860 in Budapest, Hungary. Herzl studied law in Vienna, but later on went into a literary career. This proved a good decision, as he became a well-known playwright and essayist and in 1891, Hertzl was appointed Paris correspondent for the Vienna Neue Freie Presse (New Free Press). During the Alfred Dreyfus affair in 1894, anti-Semitic feelings in France spread greatly. This greatly affected Hertzl because before that he believed that the best solution of anti-Semitism in Europe was the assimilation of the Jews with the Christian people. After the court-martial of Dreyfus, Hertzl was certain that the only way anti-Semitism could be solved was with the creation of a Jewish state. In 1896, Theodor Hertzl published a short book, Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State), which promoted the establishment of a Jewish State. Although Hertzl was not the first to suggest a Jewish State, he was the first to call for immediate action. Even though some wealthy leaders, such as German emperor William II and Sultan Abd al-Hamid II of Turkey, were sympathetic towards the idea of a Jewish homeland, they were not willing to put up the money to back such a project. After the wealthy leaders rejected Hertzl, he called for a Zionist Congress in 1897, which met in Basel, Switzerland. Nearly two hundred delegates attended the congress. The congress founded a permanent World Zionist Organization that was to establish branches in every country with a substantial Jewish population. They also formulated the Basel Program, which defined Zionism's goal as the creation "for the Jewish people of a home in Palestine secured by public law." Herzl now directed his diplomacy towards Great Britain. The British offered to help start Jewish colonization in East Africa in Uganda, but this nearly split the Zionist movement in two because most Zionists were in support of having a Jewish homeland in Israel. This split greatly upset Hertzl and he died a broken man soon after in 1904. The seventh Zionist Congress rejected the East India Scheme. The Zionist movement worked very hard in the 20th century to see a Jewish homeland come true. First, a British Zionist leader received a declaration from British Foreign Secretary Arthur J. Balfour that approved the establishment in Palestine of a "national home for the Jewish people." This provided the Zionists with the charter they had been seeking from a wealthy backer. Now all the Zionists had to do was get Jewish people to move to Israel. This was not done so easily. The new Soviet government sealed off the tradition source of Zionist migration, which was Russian Jewry. Also, the leader of American Zionism, Judge Louis Brandeis, and Dr. Chaim Weizmann, the man credited with obtaining the Balfour Declaration, got into an argument over the future of Zionism, which slowed the migration of Jews to Israel greatly. Despite these two critical setbacks, the Yishuv grew from fifty thousand to six hundred thousand people from nineteen twenty to nineteen forty-eight. Most of these new immigrants were refugees from Nazi persecution in Europe. The New Zionist party was formed in nineteen thirty-five when a revisionist group led by Ze-ev Vladimir Jabotinsky split from the Zionist movement. Jabotinsky promoted a Jewish state on both sides of the Jordan River and devoted his time to set up the mass evacuation of European Jews to Palestine. Relations between the Arabs of Palestine and Jews immigrating there during the nineteen twenties were not very good and became an intractable problem. The Palestinians did not like the Jews overtaking their land so they rebelled and fought the Jews. Although the Palestinians fought against the Jews, they were no match for the skill of the Jewish Army, called the Hagana. On May 14, 1948, at midnight, the Jewish state of Israel was born. Zionism had achieved its goal of having a homeland for the Jews in the Middle East. Although the Arab nations have denounced Zionism as a "tool of imperialism" and have fought many wars with Israel on the topic, they have been unsuccessful in breaking up the heart of the Jewish people, the state of Israel.

Useful Japanese Adverbs

Useful Japanese Adverbs alwaysitsumo㠁„㠁 ¤Ã£â€šâ€š usuallytaitei㠁Ÿã â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£ â€ž oftenyokuよ㠁  sometimestokidoki時々 seldommettani ( negative verb)ã‚ Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£  « never, by no meanszenzenå… ¨Ã§â€ž ¶ quite, entirelymattaku㠁 ¾Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£   certainly, by all meanskanarazuÃ¥ ¿â€¦Ã£ Å¡ absolutelyzettainiç µ ¶Ã¥ ¯ ¾Ã£  « perhaps, probablytabunÃ¥ ¤Å¡Ã¥Ë†â€  indeed, reallyhontouniæÅ" ¬Ã¥ ½â€œÃ£  « completelysukkari㠁™ã  £Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ  surely, certainlykitto㠁 Ã£  £Ã£  ¨ especiallytokuniç‰ ¹Ã£  « extremely, verytotemo㠁 ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€š fairly, considerablykanari㠁‹ã  ªÃ£â€šÅ  slightly, a bit​chotto㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨ about, approximatelyyakuç ´â€ž foreveritsumademo㠁„㠁 ¤Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã£â€šâ€š all the time, by farzutto㠁šã  £Ã£  ¨ once, beforekatsute㠁‹ã  ¤Ã£  ¦ not yet, stillmada㠁 ¾Ã£    soonsugu㠁™ã   for a whileshibaraku㠁â€"㠁 °Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£   for the time beingichiou㠁„㠁 ¡Ã£ Å Ã£ â€  anyway, at any ratetonikaku㠁 ¨Ã£  «Ã£ â€¹Ã£   now, well, incidentallytokorode㠁 ¨Ã£ â€œÃ£â€š Ã£  § at first​mazu㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¡ next, thentsuginiæ ¬ ¡Ã£  « finallysaigoniæÅ"ی ¾Å'㠁 « again, alsomata㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸ suddenlykyuuniæ€ ¥Ã£  « by chanceguuzenniÃ¥  ¶Ã§â€ž ¶Ã£  « just, preciselychoudo㠁 ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£ â€ Ã£  © alreadymouも㠁† moremottoも㠁 £Ã£  ¨ most​mottomoæÅ"€ã‚‚ fasthayakuæâ€" ©Ã£   slowlyyukkuriゆ㠁 £Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ  increasinglymasumasu㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢ graduallydandan㠁  Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£   Ã£â€šâ€œ at lastyattoや㠁 £Ã£  ¨ togetherisshoniä ¸â‚¬Ã§ ·â€™Ã£  « separatelybetsubetsuniåˆ ¥Ã£  « insteadkawariniä » £Ã£â€š Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  « quietlyjitto㠁˜ã  £Ã£  ¨ secretlysotto㠁 Ã£  £Ã£  ¨ on purposewazatoã‚ Ã£ â€"㠁 ¨ despite ones effortssekkaku㠁›ã  £Ã£ â€¹Ã£   if possiblenarubeku㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ¹Ã£  

The Trail of Tears Essay

The Trail of Tears Essay The Trail of Tears Essay The Trail of Tears refers to the forceful relocation and eventual movement of the Native American communities from the South Eastern regions of the U.S. as a result of the enactment of the Indian Removal Act in the year 1830. In the year 1838, in line with Andrew Jacksons policy of the Indians’ removal, the Cherokee community was forced to surrender its land to the east of Mississippi River and migrate to the present day Oklahoma. This journey was referred to as the â€Å"Trail of Tears† mainly due to its devastating effects it had to the Indian people. The migrants faced extreme hunger, diseases and exhaustion due to the forced march while more than 50,000 people died (Cave, 2003). The Trail of Tears resulted in a devastating effect for the Indians such as extreme hunger, diseases and exhaustion due to long walk and massive injustices and abuse of fundamental human rights. According to Perdue (2008), the Trail of Tears is regarded as one of the tragic eras in the U.S. history mainly due to the forceful relocation of the Indians. This is also considered as the beginning of the Indian extermination by the U.S. government even though they had lived in the country several centuries before the white settlers set their foot in America. After the American Revolution and the eventual creation of the U.S., the Indians were regarded as a separate nation within a sovereign country even though they were fully committed to a peaceful coexistence with the white settlers. However, the white settlers were mostly interested in the resources of rich and productive land under the occupation of the Indians. As a result, the U.S. government embarked on a long campaign marked by false promises, broken and false treaties, and threats of military force and racist attitudes to oust the Indians from their native territory. The U.S. government committed a heinous incident in its long history when it passed the Removal Act in the year 1830, which later resulted in the Trail of Tears. The Indians were moved to the west in an exodus that would ensure the new American settlers continued growing and prospering in their new country. The most famous of those forced from their native land by the U.S. government included Five Civilized Tribes comprising of the Choctaw, Cherokee, Seminole, Chickasaw and Creek (Cave, 2003). These tribes constituted the majority of more than 60,000 Indians driven out of their land and they were distinguished from other Indian populations due to their leadership forms and organization. They had functional social systems based on property ownership, government offices and established schools much like in Europe (Perdue, 2008). However, the U.S. government could not recognize them to be civilized enough to be their neighbors necessitating their forceful relocation. The Trail of Tears created a period of immeasurable misery and despair among the Indians who were being relocated against their wishes. In order to relocate the Indian tribes swiftly and effectively, the Indians tribes were prearranged into wretched and miserable traveling caravans. During the trail, the Indians passed through horrible living conditions that were unbearable, for instance, the Indians slept in the mud, lacked shelter and enough food. On the other hand, they were usually forced to march in chains or manacles. In most cases, if the poor living conditions did not kill them, severe disease outbreaks killed most of the Indians. They were plagued with diseases such as dysentery, pneumonia, whooping cough, pellagra and tuberculosis, which usually wiped out entire families (Cave, 2003). Consequently, the Trail of Tears resulted in massive deaths among the Indians apart from damaging the Indian American spirit and self respect. The 1830 Indian Removal act gave President Jackson the power to relocate the Indians under their consent while the act required that they be compensated for the relocation. However, this is not the manner in which the policy was implemented as the government engaged in false treaties with the Indians, broken promises and perpetrated lies while dealing with the Indians (Cave, 2003). The Choctaw Indians in 1831 were the first who were relocated and they became a perfect model for the successful relocations. The Seminole followed the Choctaw in 1832, then the Creek in the year 1834, the Chickasaw Indians in the year 1837, and lastly the Cherokee Indians in 1838. As a result, by 1837, it is estimated that more than 46,000 Native Indians from these southern states had forcefully been relocated from their homelands thus opening about 25 million acres for mainly white settlement (Perdue, 2008). In conclusion, the Trail of Tears is a perfect expression of the U.S. government’s act of inhumanity towards the Indians. The new white settlers in the U.S. had escaped the oppression in Europe and they were obsessed with their new freedoms in America that they easily trampled on the freedom and rights of the Indians. The Trail of Tears resulted in a devastating effect for the Indians who were forced to walk over 1,000 miles to Oklahoma in a trip where they walked without shoes or enough clothing (Perdue, 2008). The food provision was scarce, they suffered from severe diseases and a large number of the Indians died from the harsh conditions and diseases. The U.S. must never forget these shameful and sad moments in its long history with the hope that the country learns from the past, in order to prevent the occurrence of other atrocities similar to the Trail of Tears. Visit our custom essay service to have your essay paper written by professional writers. 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Wal-Mart Organization in Indiana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wal-Mart Organization in Indiana - Essay Example Wal-Mart as an entity operates under particular virtues that ensure that it can deliver on its promises. All branches are expected to subscribe to the same and the one in Indiana is no different. The company promises to provide high-quality merchandise to its clients. That would mean that the kind of products that one would find at the store would not be found anywhere else. That is not practical in today’s world. No single outlet can claim to offer the best since there is always some other store out there that can do it better. The store strives to live up to its promise for friendly services. On this front, they can beat their competitors' hands down. That is because they can train their workers to ensure complete customer satisfaction. The store also promises the lowest prices, but that is not the case since there are some stores that can offer lower prices and that include the local shopping joints. The entity also claims to provide the best shopping experience on the internet. That is a major flop in their promises front since the internet is filled with numerous advertisements as well as products that are better off. That means that the firm can deliver in some areas while it still needs to polish up on others. The entity has been operating under the banner of one very crucial mission statement. They believe that it is within the retailer’s boundaries to help the customer save money and live better. They would like to improve their customer’s social wellbeing by ensuring they can help them save an extra penny. The savings would go a very long way in ensuring that they can live up to their mission statement. The values held by the organization would include bringing the founders philosophy closer to the people through the use of the internet.  They can use the internet in marketing to make sure they can appeal to the public to buy from them and hence help the consumer save.  Ã‚  

Schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Schizophrenia - Essay Example People fail to understand that the behavior displayed by people suffering from schizophrenia is not a result of ‘madness’ but is a result of the mental problems they have. The case of Andrea Yates is an example of what people suffering from schizophrenia are capable of doing if help and support is not extended to them at the right time and in a right way. Diagnosis And Symptoms People suffering from schizophrenia display maladjusted behavior and thinking pattern. According to DSM-IV-TR, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is done on the basis of symptoms that are visible in the behavior and the thinking pattern of people who suffer from it (First & Tasman, 2010, p.245). People suffering from schizophrenia have delusions, hallucinations, incoherent and disorganized speech, excessively catatonic behavior and rigid physical movements (First & Tasman, 2010, p.245). According to Barch (2003), the defining aspect of schizophrenia is the deficits in cognitive functions and the distu rbed thought process (Weiten, Lloyd, Dunn & Hammer, 2009, p.502). This deteriorates patient’s daily routine and relationships with people as he talks in chaotic and illogical manner and there is no sense in his talk (Weiten et al., 2009, p.502). Most of the times, people suffering from schizophrenia have auditory hallucinations where they hear voices from non-existent or absent people and act accordingly (Weiten et al., 2009, p.502). ... a Yates Andrea Yates, a 37 year old woman from Texas, drowned her five young children to death, under the influence of severe mental illness (Greene, Fortune, Heilbrun & Nietzel, 2007, p.215). Andrea had a long history of mental illness. Andrea’s mental illness was hereditary as her father, two brothers and a sister, suffered from depression and other mental illness in different degrees (Wade & Tavris, 2006, p.600). Andrea was suffering from clinical depression and episodes of psychotic illness from years and was under treatment for the same (Wade & Tavris, 2006, p.600). After the numerous psychotic episodes, she was hospitalized and was diagnosed with schizophrenia and postpartum depression (Greene et al., 2007, p.215). According to â€Å"The Andrea Yates Case† (2005), she was hospitalized just one month prior to the killings as it was evident that if she is left alone without supervision, she might get violent (Greene et al., 2007, p. 215). Moreover, after having her fourth baby, her psychiatrist had suggested her and her husband not to have another baby saying that she will go deeper in depression if more responsibility comes her way (Wade & Tavris, 2006, p.600). However, according to Yardley (2001), her husband overlooked the warning and refused birth control saying that they â€Å"would like to have as many babies as nature will allow† (Wade & Tavris, 2006, p.600). The overwhelming responsibility of raising kids and doing their home schooling took its toll on Andrea and she went into severe depression and psychotic episodes (Wade & Tavris, 2006, p.600). On June 20, 2001, Andrea drowned each of her children one by one in a tub filled with water and later, laid them in bed and covered them with sheet (Greene et al., 2007, p.215). The eldest child was found floating

A Balanced Chemical Equation by Experiment Essay Example for Free

A Balanced Chemical Equation by Experiment Essay Introduction The purpose is to use the mole relationships to prove the validity of the balanced chemical equation and that the final product of the experiment would confirm the balanced equation. The hypothesis made is that the experiment would in fact confirm the balanced equation. This is because, by balancing the equation two products that do exist are hypothetically formed. By the end of this experiment it will be seen whether the products calcium carbonate and sodium chloride will be made upon mixing calcium chloride and sodium carbonate together. The dependent variables are the amount and the chemical composition of the product formed and the independent variables are the individual amounts of deionized water, calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. Therefore, if calcium chloride and sodium carbonate are mixed together, then the reaction will produce calcium carbonate salt and sodium chloride. Materials * Stirring rod * Electronic balance * Fine filter paper * Deionized water * 2 small beakers * Sodium carbonate * Erlenmeyer flask * Graduated cylinder * Calcium chloride * Safety glasses * Funnel Procedure 1. The groups name was marked in pencil on the rim of the filter paper. 2. The mass of the filter paper was measured and recorded. 3. A clean dry small beaker was put on the electronic balance and was tarred. 2.138 grams of sodium carbonate crystals were added and the exact mass was recorded. 4. A different beaker was then put on the electronic balance and was tarred. 1.040 grams of calcium chloride was added to and the exact mass was recorded. 5. Approximately 25 mL of deionized water was added separately to each of the beakers. Each beaker was stirred with different ends of a stir rod until the solids were dissolved. 6. The calcium chloride solution was poured into the sodium carbonate solution. 7. The funnel was rested in a tall Erlenmeyer flask and the liquid was poured through into the filter paper which lined the inside of the funnel. This collected the solid. 8. Two separate 10 mL quantities of deionized water was poured through the filter paper. 9. The beakers and stir rods were cleaned and returned to their appropriate places. 10. When dried, the mass of the filter paper and soil was measured and recorded and discarded into the garbage. Results Quantitative Results Na2CO3 2.138 grams CaCl2 1.040 grams Final Substance (Na2CO3 + CaCl2 ) 2.125 grams Filter Paper Qualitative Results Na2CO3 * When mixed with water, foam appeared at the side and the surface of the solution * There was also a white flaky substance that formed CaCl2 * When mixed with water, the solution fogged up with foamy substance at the sides of the solution * Tiny bubble like substance also formed at the side Final Substance (Na2CO3 + CaCl2 ) * When the two substances mixed together, a white powdery precipitate was formed. * The flakes of powder were easily broken down. Calculations Conclusion The initial hypothesis stated can now be proved correct as after completing the experiment, the statement, which stated that the experiment would prove the balanced chemical equation true. As in the balanced equation CaCO3 was formed, this is in fact calcium carbonate, which is the salt that was produced. It is known that a chemical reaction took place because a precipitate was formed, one of the indications of a chemical equation. Also, this is a double displacement reaction. The information given by coefficients in a balanced equation can be understood to represent the relative number of molecules of that substance and as the relative number of moles involved in the reaction. Equations must be balanced because: Law of Conservation of Matter: Atoms can be neither created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction, so there must be the same number of atoms on both sides of the equation. The mass of all the reactants (the substances going into a reaction) must equal the mass of the products (the substances produced by the reaction). By using the percent yield, the success of the experiment can be determined. The higher the number of the percent yield (closer to 100%) is an indication that the experiment was more successful. The percent yield of this experiment is 99.68% 100.32%, which indicates that the reaction was successful, but the change of 0.32% is also to be noted. This change may have been caused because of incorrect mass data. Possible errors that could have occurred involve an inaccurate measure in mass of the final substance. When pouring the calcium chloride into the sodium carbonate, there was a residue left in the beaker that held the calcium chloride therefore not all of the substance was poured into the sodium carbonate. This also occurred when the final solution was poured through the filter paper. This would have led to a change in the mass data of the initial products to produce the insoluble calcium carbonate salt. Another error that could have occurred includes the fact that the product produced was kept overnight exposed to dust particles which may have mixed with the product and changed the mass data or the chemical composition of it. Also, there may have been impurities within the instruments used to perform the experiment. As other classes also use the same instruments, it can be determined how well they were cleaned and what chemical residue may have been left on the instruments. Modifications to the procedure of this lab that can lead to fewer errors include and more reliable results would be to check the utensils used for the experiment very well and to clean them with a cleaning agent to cancel out the possibilities of chemical residues left on them. Also, leaving the filter paper with the product in an airtight container or other vessel that would allow for steady temperatures and not let any substances in or out of the vessel.

Toe Caps :: essays research papers

TOE CAP USE IN INDUSTRY IS UNSAFE Toe caps hinder more than help when worn as industrial personal protective equipment. These cup-like covers designed to wear over dress shoes are made of hard reinforced plastic and/or steel. They were carelessly adopted as a â€Å"quick fix† to foot protection in response to the July 5, 1994 â€Å"OSHA 1910.136 Foot Protection† ruling. This standard states that all hazards in the workplace must be identified. Employees and visitors must wear appropriate personal protective equipment to protect against these hazards. A misunderstood concept continues to thrive throughout industry promoting the fallacy that because toe caps cover toes the same as safety shoes, they provide the same level of protection. This is not true. They are unstable, painful and create as many hazards as they are supposed to protect. If the cap fit is loose, shifting from side to side, safety and protection is severely compromised. A female vendor visiting the maintenance department was asked to wear toe caps. Even after choosing the smallest toe caps available, the vendor had difficulty keeping the caps in place on the front of her size-six shoes. She managed a few unsteady steps before the cap on her right shoe swung left causing her to trip over her own foot. The scene was reminiscent of a small child wearing his or her mother’s over-sized high heels. Yes, it is possible to walk, but the whole experience is unsteady and unsafe. Protective footwear must permit unencumbered movement in the work environment. On-site contractors work in various environments requiring multiple physical challenges including climbing up and down steep steps and ladders. Most often, the largest of toe caps are too small on an average contractor’s shoes. Not only is the fit very uncomfortable, but the caps pinch the tip of their shoes, and extend dangerously out in a Bozo-the-Clown â€Å"flip-flop† fashion. This very poor footing makes it dangerous to complete even the simplest of everyday functions. The National Safety Council wrote in their â€Å"Foot Protection† pamphlet that in order for foot protection to function properly, it must be the right size for your foot and not hurt. Recently, executives visited the Owings Mills site and requested a tour of the manufacturing facility. They were given universal fitting toe caps to wear. After a few minutes, the executives abruptly ended the tour stating the caps were not only ruining their shoes, but also cutting into the tops of their feet.

My Dream Job Essay

Everyone has a dream. I too dream of a job that will make me child’s dream comes true. My grandfather and father both traditional Chinese physician. They have excellent medical skill and lofty medical ethic. In China, The doctor is called ‘angles in white’, People respect them. I used to get sick in my childhood. My father always can cure my disease by traditional Chinese medical. I think everything like a magic. I feel so amazing. I adore my father, so when I was a child, I want to be a traditional Chinese physician. And then the dream is not changed. History By learning about more knowledge, I know Traditional Chinese medicine has a history of several years. It is one of Chinese splendid cultural heritages. It is the science dealing with human physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. During several thousand years it has made great contributions to the promotion of health, the proliferation and prosperity of the Chinese nation, and the enrichment and development of world medicine as well. pic] Li Shizhen, one of the famous physicians in the Chinese history. He is very important for the traditional Chinese medical’ develop. He makes people start attention it. He wrote too many books that about how to use the tradition skill to cure the sickness to save the patient. [pic] ‘Ben Cao Gang Mu’ is the most famous of traditional Chinese medical books by Li Shizhen wro te. The book consists of 52 volumes with 1,892 medicinal herbs, including over 10,000 prescriptions and 1,000 illustrations of medicinal items. It is a great contribution to the development of pharmacology both in China and all over the world. Methods of treatment †¢ Diagnose skills †¢ Chinese massage †¢ Acupuncture †¢ Chinese herbs ? Diagnose skills [pic] There is a combined use of the four diagnostic methods among herbalist doctors: observe, hear and smell, ask about background and touching After the four steps, the doctor can know patient’s illness. Then treatment was deferred pending further diagnosis. ? Chinese massage [pic] Chinese massage is known as Tui Na, uses wave-like motions to loosen joints and nourish muscles. Bring awareness back to a person’s body and making it a first step in the healing process. Stimulate the flow of Qi, blood and body fluids can be used to treat pain, stress or digestion problem. The masseur can give you an all-over massage and focus on specific areas with pain or do a treatment on the affected area. So tradition Chinese medical can use our life. Chinese massage need skilled technological and more experiences. So I should constant practice. ? Acupuncture Acupuncture is both One of the oldest forms of Chinese Medicine. It as same as massage are both important. Acupuncture involves the stimulation of anatomical points on the body with thin needled. Needles are placed at â€Å"Yin/Yang Meridian points†. Contrary to what you might think, acupuncture patients usually feel little to no pain, because acupuncture needles are hair-thin and are manipulated either by hand or electricity. [pic] ? Chinese herbs Except for use these skills, tradition Chinese physician also need know Chinese herbs purposes. Herbs are a vital part of Chinese healing. Chinese herbs have many kinds. Differentiate into many species. Each ingredient has unique characteristics. The ingredients work in harmony to help a person’s body. Herbs can help boost Qi and balance Yin/Yang. [pic] Advantage †¢ Whatever traditional Chinese physician or other doctors, they have many same effects. They like an angel who brings patients from illness to happiness and give the hope to the patients to live on. They may let these experiences personally the human which the indisposition suffers to get rid of the pain and they saved many people’s lives during their work. †¢ Traditional Chinese physician not only can help patients take away the pain, but also help people keep in good health by some traditional methods. For example: Chinese food therapy is good for our health, and it can use to our daily life, for food and drink. Certain foods and herbs are prescribed to restore balance to the body. Combining Qigong with exercise is a good choice, because it regulates the mind and breathing to promote the flow of Qi. It can make our sound in body and mind. [pic] [pic] †¢ Traditional Chinese medicine contains thousands of year people’s wisdom. It is only belong to Chinese unique culture. †¢ And Chinese herbs are from nature, without adding any chemicals. So the herbs don’t have bad effect for health. Tradition Chinese medicine is an abstract subject. It has many different skills. The effects of different, but they are the same important. So I know that if I want to be a good tradition Chinese physician, I need spend many energy and time to master different knowledge and learn how to become a good doctor. I will try do my best that make dream come true.

To what extent are developmental states emerging within Africa and what policies could be adopted to support them?

Introduction This essay is concerned with analysing what role, if any, the model of the ‘developmental state’ can play within Africa. The concept of the â€Å"developmental state† has origins in the fruitful development in Eastern Asia. This research will look to examine the relevance of the existing model to contemporary Ghana. The paper will also look at the extent to which the favourable conditions for growth that existed in East Asia could ever be replicated in Africa (for a brief summary of the contemporary debate see: United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESC), 2013). As a form of introduction to the topic, this study will start with a brief definition of a developmental state according to the literature before moving on to look at what characteristics make up a typical developmental state. A brief analysis will determine the extent to which there is agreement within the literature. From here, the paper will look at the origins of the â€Å"developmental state model† born out of the experiences in East Asia as well as exploring some of the major academic contributions to the developmental state debate. Here, the research will touch upon the relevance of these contributions within the African context. The second section will be the main critical analysis around the extent to which developmental states are emerging within Africa or whether the ‘impossibility theorem’ (Mkanadwire, 2001) continues to hold water. Following that, the paper will examine what policies are needed to support these fledgling developmental states, according to the literature. The third and final chapter will provide case studies from Ghana, examining whether this nation possesses any of the defining features that constitute a developmental state. The aim here is to show, via a practical example, that â€Å"developmental states† are possible in Africa but are also far from similar to East Asian examples. Here, the paper will also offer a critique to show the struggles and developmental threats for Africa as a counter argument that developmental states are emerging within Africa. Starting first with a definition of a developmental state, the study immediately encounter some points of contention. Firstly, as Mbabazi and Taylor (2005) point out, â€Å"the definition of a developmental state does not correspond directly with economic performance.† That is, a country which is performing well economically is not necessary ‘developmental’. Rather, the current accepted definition of a â€Å"developmental state† is one that is ideologically directed towards development, where the state â€Å"seriously attempts to deploy its administrative and political resources to the task of economic development† (Mbabazi and Taylor, 2005: 2). Traditionally. â€Å"developmental states† are associated with locations that have economic development as a leading governmental policy which has the potential to form bodies which can facilitate these policies and targets. To be classed as a developmental state, there must be a governmental ability to â€Å"weave formal and informal networks of collaboration† between civilians and public officials whilst promoting â€Å"macro-economic stability† and maintaining an â€Å"institutional framework that provides law and order, effective administration of justice and peaceful resolution of conflicts, ensures property rights and appropriate infrastructure investments, and advances human development† (Mkandawire, 1999, 2010; UNESC, 2013; 2). Others have added to the definition of a developmental state in that it must be willing to engage itself directly with the direction and pace of economic development using ‘market conforming’ mechanisms to allocate economic resources, rather than simply falling back on a uncoordinated, laissez-faire attitudes to market forces (Johnson, 1982: 319-20; Mbabazi and Taylor, 2005: 4; Meyns and Musamba, 2010 :13, UNESC, 2013: 2). Now that a clear definition of what a developmental state is, along with a taste of what key theoretical features need to be present has been established, this paper will take a step back to look at the origins of the developmental state in terms of East Asian experiences. Here, the study will see some of the main contributions made to the literature from leading scholars, which will shed some light on what are held to be the key theoretical features of developmental states. This will then be used as an entry point into the discussion about to what extent these theoretical features are feasible, and how it might be applied within the context of this research. As touched upon above, much of the contemporary discussion about developmental states has its roots in research conducted on the experiences faced by the East Asian tigers (for the original research see: Amsden, 1989; Haggard, 1990; Johnson, 1982). There seems to be a general consensus within the academic literate as to the key features that facilitate the Asian tigers to superior levels of growth and these are the following: Embedded autonomy of state bureaucracy: Put forward by Peter Evans (1989, 1995), he argued that strong state institutions have a significant influence towards the promotion of development in the Tiger economies because they avoided being ‘captured’ by vested interests. The East Asian states have professional bureaucracies, in which the employees had real opportunities for advancement so they avoided the temptation to engage in extra rent-seeking (income providing) activities. Simultaneously, Evans noted that the state administration remained attached to or embedded in society so that it did not become isolated and self-serving, so that it could continually redefine its policy goals and aims. Market conforming intervention Charlmers Johnson (1982), who studied Japan’s highly successful post-war recovery, found similar results to Evans. He notes that â€Å"small, inexpensive, professional and efficient state bureaucracies or pilot bureaucratic agencies†, like the Japanese Ministry for International Trade and Industry (MITI), which had authority over economic policy, allowed those states to promote civic interests whilst maintaining a high level of prestige and legitimacy (Johnson, 1982: 49). Most importantly for Johnson, however, was the fact that the government of Japan provided national administrators with the tools and authority to intervene directly in the economy under the condition that all work would stick to neo-liberal market principles (Johnson 1982: 315-316). Political primacy According to Adrian Leftwich; â€Å"politics is the dominant variable which determines the concept of the developmental state as well as the developmental success or failure in all human societies† (Meynes and Musamba, 2005:16). Leftwich (2000: 4) argues that developmental states possess the following six factors during their emergence: â€Å"The presence of development-oriented political elite who possess high levels of commitment and will to attain economic growth.† â€Å"A powerful, professional, highly competent, insulated and career-based bureaucracy† â€Å"Civil society is relatively weak and disorganised† â€Å"A high capacity for the effective economic management of both domestic and private economic interests† â€Å"An uneasy mix of repression and non-adherence to human rights† â€Å"Performance-based legitimacy of the governing political elite, and which takes precedence over procedural legitimacy† (Leftwich, 2000:174). It seems that Leftwich differs in his arguments from Evans, in that Leftwich observes an imbalance. Yet it can be seen that there exists a significant state body which has a powerful bureaucracy which can effectively take care of the interest of the private economic. Then, this leads to a frail society which has no way of influencing the ruling elite. Alternatives to neo-liberal economics: Conceptually speaking, the developmental state is often located in-between a â€Å"free market capitalist economic system† and a centrally-planned economic system â€Å"conjoining private ownership with state guidance† (Woo-Cumings 1999: 2). This means it is neither purely capitalist nor totally socialist. With regards to the relationship between the developmental state and â€Å"interventionism† is concerned, â€Å"the developmental state is an embodiment of a normative or moral ambition to use the interventionist power of the state to guide investment in a way that promotes a certain solidaristic vision of national economy† (Loriaux 1999: 24). Ha-Joon Chang, demonstrates that â€Å"economic development requires a state which can create and regulate the economic and political relationships that can support sustained industrialisation – or in short, a developmental state† (Chang, 1999:183). Therefore, the creation of the developmental state concept leads to the formation of a interventionist state. Are developmental states emerging in Africa Several African states have endured a surge in development across the independence years, that started from the early 1960s onwards (Woo?Cumings 1999: 19?20). However, subsequently, governance deteriorated and efforts to spread education stalled: â€Å"National armies discredited themselves through bloody coups and internal divisions along ethnic lines† (Woo?Cumings 1999: 19?20). Since those dark times, there has been increasing evidence to suggest that developmental states are now emerging in sub-Saharan Africa. However, existing literature expresses concerns with regards to if this the correct route for the African countries. For example, Woo-Cumings warns us that the developmental state can be â€Å"good in relation to its (economic) effectiveness but it can also be a grim model in terms of human rights and lack of democracy† (Woo-Cumings 1999: 19?20). After initial developmental optimism, by the 1990s, things had changed; â€Å"the African state had become the most demonised social institution in Africa, vilified for its weaknesses, its over-extension, its interference with the smooth functioning of markets, its repressive character, its dependence on foreign powers, its ubiquity, its absence† (Mkadawire, 2001: 293). The legacy this has left behind is an academic thesis that posits that the developmental state concept is â€Å"not feasible under prevalent conditions in Africa known as the impossibility theorem† (Mkadawire, 2001: 293). Lewis and Stein (1997) for example, when investigating the possibility of translating the Asian model and replicating it in the African context argue that â€Å"while greater political insulation of economic policy makers could reasonably be achieved in African countries, the extensive coordinated economic interventions of the East Asian states are far beyond the administrative capabilities of most African governments†. Scepticism has been widespread within the literature regarding the prospects for the formation of viable developmental states, owing mostly to the poor record of state-led development efforts during the immediate post-independence era of African governance. State intervention in the economy, according to Ake, became a way for the governing elite to accumulate wealth for themselves (Ake, 1996). Others have put forward that the African continent lacks â€Å"adequate political superstructure and the leadership necessary for implementing policy of a developmental nature† (Birdsall, 2007: 580). The ‘impossibility theorem’ is a collection of arguments that posits that the developmental state concept in Africa is not possible, and, in particular, demonstrates scepticism towards the East Asian development experiences and if these could act as a model for Africa (Mkandawire 2001) . Those who advance the ‘impossibility theorem’ also argue that this model is incompatible with globalization. They argue that the current â€Å"international regulatory architecture and the dominance of the neo-liberal paradigm† – supported by the World Bank, the IMF and the Washington Consensus – have created an environment that is largely â€Å"inhospitable for the viability of the developmental state approach† (Beeson 2006: 34-39). Yet, supporters of the emergence of African developmental states argue that â€Å"the poor performance and lack of potential for African countries to achieve rapid state-led development is due to a biased and unfair comparison of the achievements of the East Asian models† (Mkandawire, 2001, Chang, 2006, UNCTAD, 2007). The fact is, developmental states are emerging in Africa and there evidence for them to promote a developmental-state approach. It is now accepted that â€Å"market-based economies† need a successful state to function and develop. African nations are beginning to satisfy the fundamental needs of their people (Manzavinos, 2004). This journey of rediscovering the â€Å"role† of the state has been simultaneous with the recognition of that of economic institutions. Douglass North published a book in 1990 called, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance, which argues against the idea that â€Å"institutions simply come about as a by-product of economic growth, and put forward that improvements in institutions are essential preconditions and determinants of growth† (Manzavinos, 2004). The final part of this paper now turns to the Ghana case-study in order to find out what policies could support the growth of African developmental states. Ghana was the initial nation in Africa to gain independence and has since undergone a stable transition since then. The Nkrumah were soon established as the popular legitimacy of the state, Ghana has since managed to escape the violence that has occurred in other Sub-Sahara states. As within all academic debates there are two sides to the argument: those that put forward that Ghana is a model of a developmental state and those who argue the contrary. Put simply, Ghana has failed to capture successful long-term development but that does not necessary mean it is not a developmental state. Ghana’s growth could be seen as a â€Å"mirage† rather than a â€Å"miracle† as some key structural changes as highlighted in the introduction of this paper have not occurred. However, Dzorgbo (2001: 5) observes that â€Å"it has confronted the challenge of increasing dependence on foreign aid, an exponential external debt, high rates of unemployment and poverty, and de-industrialization resultant from the elimination of protective measures†. In terms of what policies Ghana can implement to support itself as a developmental state; it could start with intervening with its fiscal and monetary policy as done by the East Asian tigers during their developmental phase. The main aim of this would be to reduce government spending; â€Å"The CCP adopted an exaggerated, bloated vision of development of which the crucial feature was the number of physical structures and general infrastructure that could be constructed rather than assessing the actual social and material needs of the people† (Osei, 1999: 6). This would mean that Ghana should instead rely on state monetary policy to restore macroeconomic balance and cease to continue along the path of government spending which is dependent on bank credit. This creates an environment which is â€Å"inhospitable to foreign and private investment because excess lending and inflation results in low (even negative) interest rates that further discourage future investment† (Os ei, 1999: 6). This paper puts forward that the policy that Ghana should adopt is one of state intervention in its monetary policy instead of a laissez-faire attitude to economics. However, in the case of Ghana it is easy to see why the over extension of the state could become a problem given that the Divestiture Implementation Committee, established in 1990 under the patronage of the IMF, â€Å"gradually auctioned off state enterprises to the highest bidder† (Rothchild, 1991; 206). As such, Ghana has an uncomfortable history of state interference within the economy. Once hailed as the frontier of Africa and in many ways similar to the Asian tigers, Ghana still must endure significant obstacles as such â€Å"formulas for success† set by the IMF and the Washington Consensus have continually failed to bring about change. Taking into account the dynamic and unpredictable periods of economic policy formation we must ask ourselves if it even possible to generalize a developmental theory for Ghana or even Africa as a wholeAke strongly disagrees; â€Å"because development paradigms largely ignore the specificity and historicity of African countries, it puts them in a position in which everything is relevant to them and nothing is uniquely significant for understanding them† (Dzorgbo, 2001:13). In conclusion, it can be seen that drawing on the experience of the East Asian tiger’s economies cannot be effectively applied to Africa as the contexts too different. As we have seen, developmental theory can be utterly misleading and inappropriate for Africa even if there is evidence to suggest that some nations of Africa ‘fit’ the developmental state model. References: Ake, Claude (1996). Democracy and Development in Africa. Washington, D.C. The Brookings Institution. Amsden, A. (1989). Asia’s Next Giant. South Korea and Late Industrialization. New York: Oxford University Press. Beeson, Mark (2006). Politics and Markets in East Asia. Is the Developmental State Compatable with GlobalisationIn, R. Stubbs., and G. R. D. Underhill (eds.), political Economy and the Changing Global order, 3rd edition, Ontorio: Oxford University Press Birdsall, Nancy (2007). Do no Harm. Aid, Weak Institutions and the Missing Middle in Africa. Development Policy Review, 25(5), 575-598. Chang, Ha-Joon (2006). The East Asian Development Experience. The Miracle, the Crisis and the Future, London: Zed Books. Dzorgbo, D. (2001). Ghana in Search of Development: The Challenge of Governance, Economic Management, and Institution Building. Evans, Peter B. (1989). Predatory, Developmental and Other State?Apparatuses. A Comparative Political Economy Perspective on the Third World State. Sociological Forum, 4 (4), 561?587. Evans, P. (1995). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Haggard, Stephan (1990). Pathways from the Periphery. The Politics of Growth in Newly Industrialising Countries. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Lewis, P. and Stein, H. (1997). Shifting fortunes: the political economy of financial liberalisation in Nigeria. World Development, vol. 25, no. 1, 5–22. Loriaux, M et al (1999). Capital Ungoverned: Liberalizing Finance in Interventionist States, (Ithaca: Cornell), pp 57-91 Mantzavinos, C., North, D. C., & Shariq, S. (2004). Learning, institutions, and economic performance. Perspectives on politics, 2(01), 75-84. Mbabazi, P., & Taylor, I. (2005). Botswana and Uganda as developmental States. The Potentiality of Developmental States’ in Africa: Botswana and Uganda Compared, pp. 1-15. Meyns, P. and Musamba, C. (2010 [eds]). The Developmental State in Africa: Problems and Prospects. Institute for Development and Peace, University of Duisburg?Essen INEF-Report, 101/2010). Mkandawire, T (2001). Thinking about developmental states in Africa. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 25 (3), 289-13. Osei, A. (1999). Ghana: Recurrence and Change in a Post-Independence African State. Peter Lang Publishing Rothchild, D. (1991). Ghana: The Political Economy of Recovery. Lynne Rienner Publishers United Nations Economic and Social Council (2013). ‘The Developmental State: What Option for AfricaAn Issues Paper’ in Economic Commission for Africa Governance and Public Administration Division Third Meeting of the Committee on Governance and Popular Participation (CGPP-III). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia , 20-21 February 2013 . UNCTAD (2007). Economic Development in Africa. Reclaiming Policy Space: Domestic resource mobilization and developmental states. Geneva: UNTAD. Woo?Cumings, Meredith (ed.) (1999). The Developmental State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Glorious Death Essays - France, Battle Of The Somme, Trench Warfare

Glorious Death Essays - France, Battle Of The Somme, Trench Warfare Glorious Death With the current situations in Angola and Kosovo. And Past situations like the Civil War and WWII. A question arises. Is it glorious to die for your country?.... This question has been posed to many young people about to embark on war although the answer has usually been 'yes' in response to their country due mainly to the fact that the government instills it in the people of the country to support one's country and one way is to send young abled bodied men into the army. If you were one individual that was not in favour of fighting for your country you would surely become an outcast by the countries people. To avoid ridicule and becoming outcasted by the people living around you, you would join the army just in the thought that you were obligated to for the sole sake of your country. Such thoughts were reinforced by the government promotion of propaganda. Glorifying death is not needed to be taught and should be up to the sole individual. School systems should teach an unbiased point of view of war to enable the child to make their own decision to fight for one's country. Within the education system it was instructed to the teachers to teach the children at a young age during the brink of war to instill that their the life of the country and for them to defend their country against the enemy. Teachers showed being in a army was representing honour and the pride of the country. Guilt was laid on the students who showed rebellion by the teacher. Many times the teacher would try to show a soldier that looks happy and content trying to represent being a soldier makes you happy and content. Many young inexperienced soldiers were sent to training camps near the battle fields that they would soon be sent to fight, for their country and their life. The training camps were situated on similar enviroments that resembled the battle fields of where the fighting would take place. Reinforced displine to the young and ignorant men. Trench warfare is when many soldiers of opposing countries fight against each other across a vast desolate, dirt covered land, and the only sense of cover was to crouch in a usually water logged trench. The sense of death engulfed your very soul, the constant bombardment of shells echo in your mind long after it had ceased. On the Western front conditions were horrible to say the least, stench of death remained constantly in the air, bodies riddled with bullet wounds lay across the bottoms of the trenches, dismembered bodies scattered across the landscape and the sounds of agonizing and dying men echo across the battle grounds. Very limited rations offering very little in flavour was the only food available to the soldiers. Often raining, it caused muddy, damp conditions. The men staying in a trench filled with water and muddy conditions often caused such diseases as trench foot and trench mouth. Contagious diseases were spread quickly. Lack of cleaniness gave many soldiers lice and rats would run through the trenches feeding on the garbage and human wastes. Thousands of soldiers would line up under the cover of their trenches for a stretch of miles and wait for the leading officer to give the signal for the charge. When the signal was given the thousands of soldiers would all try to run across the no-man's land to attempt the breach of the enemies trench. This charge would be under constant machine gun fire and mortar shelling by the enemy. These kind of attacks usually failed maily due to the fact the odds were already stacked against the attacking party. The distances the charging men had to run to get to the enemies trench was far enough for the enemy to use it's constant shelling and it's machine gun fire to dwindle the attacking army significant enough for the attacking army to retreat. Counter attacks were quickly attempted after the attacks. The counter attacks were similiar to the actual attacks except the difference was that the counter attack involved the killing of the retreating of the enemy instead of attacking someone under the cover of

10 Great Jobs for People Who Love to Travel

10 Great Jobs for People Who Love to Travel If you’re the type that doesn’t get antsy about travel, and wouldn’t prefer to stay within a 10-mile radius of home, then a career on the road might be for you. You might, of course, be thinking that a career not spent in one spot would require being an airline pilot or a traveling salesman, but you would be wrong. Here are 10Â  great jobs for people who love to travel.1. Travel NurseIf you don’t mind being flexible, or shipped off at a moment’s notice to wherever you might be needed most, then working as a travel nurse might just be for you. You’ll have a variety of duties across a wide swatch of places, and you’ll be well-paid and in demand.2. Athletic Talent ScoutEver wonder how professional sports players make it from the minor to the major leagues? If you love sports and know enough to spot an ace when you see one, consider working for a franchise or team to bring in the new talent. You’ll want to know your chosen sport in side and out, and also be comfortable with the pressure of choosing the next big hope.3. RoadieLove music? Ever wish you could go out on tour with your favorite artist? It might just be possible. Work doing electrics or rigging or sound or stage-handing for one of your favorite local musicians, and you could up doing the same for the biggest stars.4. Tour GuideWant to move somewhere specific? Know a lot about that place and want to geek out even more? Tour guiding might just be for you. Learn your spot inside and out, then make everyone love it as much as you do, and you’ll be sure to succeed.5. Civil ServiceConsider applying to the U.S. State Department. See a different part of the world, get really in-depth in the issues, and still feel like you have something interesting to say at a dinner party. Almost regardless of your background, there might be a job in civil service for you. As long as you can pass the security clearance, you should be all right.6. International AidWo rk for an independent aid organization and really help people around the globe. It’s important to want to help others- and to make a difference, but this can be an incredibly willing career. You’ll be paid well, but you still should love what you do.7. ArchaeologistYou’ll need a bit of schooling, and you’ll never quite be Indiana Jones, but you’ll get to dig up all sorts of extremely unique artifacts and feel like you’re unearthing history. If you like science and working outdoors and solving intricate, tedious mysteries, then this could be for you.8. English TeacherYou probably imagine your high school English teacher standing in front of the same old class year after year. But imagine teaching ESL in various places all over the world. You’ll need a Bachelor’s degree, perhaps even a Master’s, but then the world is your oyster.9. Field Service TechIf you feel qualified to be a doctor of technology, but don’t want to have to get an advanced degree, you could consider working as a field service technician fixing broken mobile technology, cranes, elevators, trains, etc. You can work independently, for a company, or even for the government. And you can get most of your training directly on the job.10. Yacht CrewIf you love the water and you don’t mind doing a bit of manual labor, you can absolutely see the world by crewing yachts. Live on a superyacht and stay in some of the most exciting ports in the world. You’ll hobknob with some of the biggest names in the business, and in the world, and you’ll spend a great deal of time outside in the most beautiful surroundings.

Can prison make people live better Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Can prison make people live better - Essay Example The prison system exposes convicts to more violence, hence making them more and more capable to commit more serious crimes once released or even in the prison itself. The Bureau of Justice Statistics has performed a study on nonviolent offenders and proves that nonviolent offenders are most likely to become more violent. Based on the statistics of the research, 95% of the nonviolent offenders have a prior arrest and about a third of them have become violent while in prison and even while they are released they show streaks of violence. This is what was seen in the prison at which Barcenas is being held at in Spain. Luis Barcenas has been in jail since mid last year while under investigation for multi-million euro tax fraud and has turned aggressive as the possibility of serving a long term started looking live (Dunham 8). On January 8, a driver was to take him to hospital for general checkups as he and fellow inmates had asked for. He shouted that he was not a criminal as he refused to be handcuffed to the back as mandated by law. After refusing to get in, he began banging and shouting complaints to the police officers. This simple misconduct eventually cost him 140 days without any courtyard time (Dunham 11). As seen from the case of Barcenas, it is quite evident that the mounting pressure of spending more years in prison caused a rather nonviolent man to crack and become aggressive. This may not be the case for other individuals, but the same would be experienced. With also the exposure to other harder criminals, they may pick up the need for aggression in order to survive. Not until they are released, are they able to go back to their normal selves. Because of being branded as convicts and criminals, the society discriminates against them. Branded as such, the ex-convicts face difficulties in the adjustment into the

Climate Change Essay and development Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Climate Change and development - Essay Example The history has been witness to gradual and abrupt climate change through the millions of years which has been responsible for extinction of living organisms, including plants, animals and human life. The industrial revolution has been catalyst to the exploitation of natural resources like coal, wood and other types of natural resources. The post WWI has witnessed great leap in the advancing technology and increasing exploitation of natural resources like oil and natural gas. In 1970s and 80s, women’s contribution to the development processes had been recognized. In the southern countries like South East Asia, Africa, Australia etc. the exploitation of natural resources have been part of the development processes which have huge implications for environment and sustainable development. World development report asserts that if left unmanaged, the climate change will reverse development progress and compro ­mise the well-being of current and future generations (WDR, 2010). The human threats to the environment comprise of many significant factors that are important ingredients of development process. Population growth in the last quarter of the century saw an unprecedented increase in population bringing new challenges in its wake. Pielke et al. (2003) claim that climate change, causing extreme weather conditions and natural calamities, are much greater when they occur in regions having poor infrastructure, huge populations etc. The fast advancing technology and rapid globalization, including local migration, has adversely affected the ecological conditions. Carbon emission and green house effects are also major factors for climate change. The various drivers of climate greatly contribute towards sustenance of life and determine characteristics and distribution of ‘natural and managed system including the cryosphere, hydrology and water resources,

Ethical Problems In Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Problems In Statistics - Essay Example As users of statistical data, we ought to be on the lookout for falsehoods in statistical reports. We should look for the conscious or unconscious influence that has a tendency to distort the numbers and information. Figures may be filtered for controlling factors and thereby leading to the production of curious results. We should be aware of and look for indicators of an influenced sample. These include small samples size and biased samples. Users should try to figure out if any information is missing. The absence of supporting information that directly relates to the source is enough to suspect unreliability. It comes in the form of a correlation that does not present measures of reliability like probable error and standard deviation. Also, it can be in the form of a mentioned percentage that is not backed by its numeric base materials. We should look for the possible trends present in the totals or conclusions. These trends will usually tend to give information of one case in comp arison another whereas the cases may be not similar. For all claims made based on unproven assumption, the user should always analyze whether they make sense. Though the current trends may be established using facts, the future trends can only predict successfully using a reasonable hypothesis. Another issue of ethics is, genuine data though full virtues can be manipulated, exaggerated, and oversimplified by experts and accepted by people. This compounded by the fact that people have a tendency to trust experts.

Personal And Professional Development | Social Work

Personal And Professional Development | Social Work The aim of this essay is to critically evaluate my readiness to start counselling employment. There will be a number of key issues integrated into this essay that will explore my learning needs in the context of my professional counselling. These will include personal reflexive and reflective practice where I will introduce Argyris Schons ( 1974) Increasing Professional Effectiveness Model, self awareness, issues of difference, placements and supervision. I will discuss the values and moral qualities of the BACP ethical framework in relation to experiences of my placement. I shall discuss and explore the importance of professional boundaries along with contracts within the counselling setting. I will introduce Kolbs experiential learning inventory and apply its elements to how it has influenced my learning since starting my counselling degree and how it has become a part of who I am. In relation to placement and supervision I hope to discuss some of my experiences with clients in therapy, the organisation in terms of policies and procedures, as well as how I found the experience of supervision to be. In relation to this I will also discuss beginnings and endings, my feelings around both and how I manage these. I will discuss the topic of stress and burn out and strategies for preventing the risk of this as I prepare myself for a career in the field of counselling. The end is near, my counselling journey I mean and although I am full of mixed emotions revolving around the end, I am at a stage of this journey where I feel comfortable in relation to who I am and where I am going in terms of a career in counselling. All endings bring mixed emotions, for some it is change, rebirth and goodbyes, for me it is the question of what is expected of me next and will I meet these expectations. Schon (2001) states that change is a fundamental feature of modern life. I never had many negative experiences around beginnings and I think one of the reasons for this is because of my top character strength which is social intelligence. I always seem to be aware of the motives and feelings of others and know what to do to put people at ease along with knowing what to do to fit in to various social situations. Although in saying this I found making the contracts with my clients a difficult task. It wasnt that my clients didnt want to make the contract, the difficult part was collaboratively working together on a contract that best fitted each client, bearing in mind two of them were under eight years of age. I successfully managed to make a contract with each of my clients and it was a great experience, for two of them were pieces of clay. According to Molteni and Garske (1983) contracts may increase compliance with the processes of the therapeutic process. Endings on the other hand are not as easy for me, I understand they are part of life and sometimes we need to end so we can grow and develop as individuals. This course and especially this module has helped me to bring these fears and emotions into awareness and reflect on them so I can understand what lies behind them. It is important for individuals to let go and move on as this is like the child leaving home for the very first time. The child needs to leave to gain independence and knowledge about the world. I seem to be experiencing quite a lot of endings this year in particular. I have just recently finished a placement where I was working as a trainee counsellor with children. I have been working with three clients close to a year and was quite worried at how these endings would go. Along with the ending work with my clients I was also ending with my supervisor who has been very supportive of me during my time there, I never once felt isolated or alone. I am quite pleased to say that these endings went extremely well as I have been working hard for a number of months with my clients on them. During these months I would make small endings at the end of each session as it was like a countdown for my clients so when we got to the final session it wasnt a big dramatic ending, they were well aware and ready for it. I feel extremely proud of the therapeutic work I have done with each of my clients. It was not easy at times but I persevered and learned a lot from my struggles. It is not easy to hear a child introduce erotic material but I coped well. On reflection of these endings in particular, I was surprised at how well I managed my own, I have come to the understanding that I managed mine so well because I knew my clients where ready to end and move on. This allowed me the incentive to then manage mine so well. I love the metaphor that Dallas and Stedman (2009) use to describe reflection. They describe it as a mirror reflecting our own image back to us (Dallas and Stedman 2009). Dallos and Stedman (2009) suggest that reflective practice is best seen as a process of analysing and reanalysing important episodes of activity. The term reflection in action is used to refer to the spontaneous act of reflecting in the moment (Dallas and Stedman 2009). I have had a lot of these spontaneous acts and found myself at times getting lost in them. When working with children, metaphor and symbols act for a lot of the communication. I have often found myself questioning something in my head while I am reflecting in action and at times had to snap myself out of it as I was aware my focus was coming away from the client. Reflecting on action which Dallas and Stedman (2009) call reflexivity is a great way to question what was going on for me at that time and what was it about that particular episode that I lost my focus. I find reflection is a great strategy for promoting self care. For me this means quiet time for myself to reflect and get lost in my own cognitions without being disturbed. I feel it is important to look after ones self as this can prevent the cause of stress and burnout. Also by having quiet time to yourself to mull over the day or week that has passed is an excellent way to manage ones stress. The feedback from supervision has been outstanding with reference to how quickly I built trusting relationships with my clients and the depth I was able to work at despite this being my first year of any placement. The experience around ending with my supervisor was another healthy ending. I think the biggest reason for this is after all of the positive feedback I received from her I knew I was then ready to end. This brings me to the conclusion that it isnt really the endings I have trouble with, it has more to do with how I end. What I mean is that I may not deal with a spontaneous ending as well as one I know is coming, which makes sense. Although saying this I know I would handle it better than I think I would. My counselling endings remind me of personal endings I have experienced in the past. The ending that comes to mind is when I left my family home in Ireland for the first time. I remember how lonesome I felt after moving away as myself and my family are very close. It was like the end of an era and even though I visit them quite often, every time I leave them to come back to London, its another ending in itself. In relation to ending with my clients, if I ended and seen that they werent ready to end, or that I knew I hadnt been doing all I could to apply emotional support to my them, then I am sure the endings would not have went so smooth for me. I have learned a valuable lesson from these ending experiences, although they went well, its ok that I feel sad, it shows that I care. The feelings I have are quite calm and peaceful , of course I wont forget my first clients and I will think about them from time to time but the important thing for me is that I dont have any emotional ties with them so It is ok for me to think about them and move on. I really dont think these endings would have gone as well if it hadnt been for all of the support I received from supervision. My supervisor and I jelled straight away and because of my honesty and openness in supervision it allowed us to examine my work in depth and maximise my learning. I feel the greatest compliment I have received from supervision is being told that I have begun to develop my own internal supervisor. Ongoing supervision is a requirement of the BACP (2010). The BACP (2010) believes that supervision can positively contribute to the maintenance and development of ethical professional practice. In my opinion it is a necessity for all counsellors to have ongoing supervision to support counsellors, to enhance effective practice and a supervisor can act as a safety net for the counsellor. According to Feltham (2010) supervision is mandatory for all counsellors regardless of their experience even if it is difficult to find a suitable supervisor. The atmosphere always seemed quite calm and relaxed which I enjoyed. I like to avoid confrontation at all costs, a negative atmosphere in the work place doesnt just effect who is involved in it but affects everyone. This can have quite a negative effect on the job that one is doing and the clients whom we are working with. It can also lead to stress and burn out as research has shown that people who dont feel supported and are not happy in the work place are more prone to stress (Salami 2011). I am quite lucky as I have very rarely experienced confrontation in the work place. On the rare occasion that I have, I dealt with it by discussing the problem and having it out in the open. We were then able to keep our professional heads, get past it and focus on the job at hand. Money could not by the experiences I have had on my placement. I followed all the rigorous procedures for dealing with a child protection matter which I dealt with very well and in context to the BACP (2010) ethical framework. When placing myself in the context of values, moral qualities and personal boundaries of the BACP (2010) Ethical Framework I feel that I am ethically mindful when delivering these services required by the BACP(2010). My moral qualities include empathy, resilience, respect, Integrity and courage. I believe one of the reasons I am so mindful comes from my therapeutic core model which is person centred (Rogers 1961). The emphasis is on creating a safe environment to discuss issues in a warm and non judgemental way. By using the core conditions effectively I feel there is little chance of harming my clients. I followed all of the Place 2 be policies and procedures from the no touch policy to holding the boundaries firmly. It was quite difficult at times to avoid my clients trying to hug me but after a while I was able to use my body to my advantage of avoiding my client hugging me as I would intuitively know when it was going to happen and was able to move my body to the side so it would be avoided, keeping in mind that I didnt want it to come across as rejection. I understand that life in general can be suffering and we dont have all the answers to our issues but it is about managing that suffering so it doesnt take over our lives. Becoming a counsellor may have different meanings for many individuals. It can be the lust for power to sit in the power chair, for others it may be the need to feel needed, for me it comes down to supporting clients emotionally so they can end as much of their suffering as possible. I believe self awareness to be one of the most significant skills I have learned during this degree. Over the duration, my self awareness has developed and I have a greater understanding of my inner and outer self. I think self awareness is crucial for understanding my own feelings as well as the clients feelings in the therapy room. I believe it is extremely important to be mindful of the diversity in the counselling profession. I am well aware of my biases towards other individuals but I will leave them outside of the therapy room. My mentality is that I am here to provide a service and why should I let my own values and beliefs get in the way of applying emotional support to an individual. I also feel that a lot of my biases come from being uneducated around a certain culture or race. I feel it is my professional duty to educate myself around these different culture so I am not creating unnecessary boundaries. Lago (2006) states that counsellors should educate themselves about the specificities of different cultures in order to develop competence for working with what has been classed as the culturally different. I have found reflection to be very useful in relation to areas of the Johari window (Evans 2007). The area in which I seem to struggle with the most is giving constructive feedback. The reason for this is the individual may misinterpret what I am saying if they feel the feedback is negative. I have enjoyed learning about the johari window (Evans 2007) and have used it in a number of different areas of my life. I found supervision to be an excellent way of acquiring my blind spots. I think personal therapy would be fundamental in relation to the johari window (Evans 2007), not only would it help to discover areas within myself but I feel talking around them may to become more aware of them. I believe this is sufficient for all trainee counsellors before they start to practice. I dont believe it is fair to start counselling without having experienced what it is like to sit in the clients chair. My plan to access a counsellor will be through a professional body such as the BACP (2010) because anyone can advertise themselves as counsellors. I believe this is the safest way as the counsellor will be an accredited member of a professional body. Personal therapy enhances professional development and relational capacities aswel as increasing personal development capacities and well being of the counsellor (Orlinsky, Schofield, Schroder and Kazantzis 2011). In conclusion of this essay I am very pleased with my development thus far, both personally as well as professionally. I feel I am shifting every time I learn something new. I am so enthusiastic about the work with clients and I feel I would benefit from fully recognising my strengths and letting my confidence grow still further. I would also benefit from further reading of a variety of different theoretical approaches which I plan to do as should every counsellor regardless of experience. I am proud of the feedback I received from my supervisor, this has influenced my competence levels as a counsellor. For further training and professional development needs I would like to work with adults using symbols and metaphor. My greatest influence has come from the work of Carl Jungs Archetypes (Jung 1961) and the magic of metaphor through working at the Place 2 be. I would also be interested in more work with children as I would like to gain more experience in this field. According to my supervisor I seem to have a natural style of being with children. I have really enjoyed working with them, it has been very experiential and exciting. I go from here in search of a new placement where I hope to get a similar experience although knowing if I dont I will learn something knew.